{"id":249,"date":"2019-04-23T17:39:08","date_gmt":"2019-04-23T17:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/?p=249"},"modified":"2019-04-23T18:14:56","modified_gmt":"2019-04-23T18:14:56","slug":"249-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/es\/249-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 debemos cambiar?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page.jpg 900w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page-260x89.jpg 260w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page-150x51.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Paul Ehrlich (Alemania; 1854-1915), fundador de la quimioterapia, postul\u00f3 hace m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os que los productos qu\u00edmicos, al igual que los colorantes histol\u00f3gicos, tienen selectividad por ciertos componentes de las c\u00e9lulas y los tejidos y, por lo tanto, podr\u00edan utilizarse para combatir enfermedades humanas espec\u00edficas si se identificara y atacara al culpable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Este concepto ha inspirado a generaciones de investigadores del c\u00e1ncer a desarrollar f\u00e1rmacos y productos biol\u00f3gicos que atacan selectivamente las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas o los eventos moleculares que se cree impulsan el fenotipo maligno, causando el m\u00ednimo da\u00f1o posible a las c\u00e9lulas normales. El siguiente gr\u00e1fico resume casi 120 a\u00f1os de progreso en la terapia oncol\u00f3gica dirigida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2-768x382.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2-260x129.jpg 260w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2-50x25.jpg 50w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page2-150x75.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PARADOJAS DE NUESTRO PROGRESO TERAP\u00c9UTICO CONTRA EL C\u00c1NCER<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Durante los \u00faltimos 30 a\u00f1os, los avances en biolog\u00eda molecular y gen\u00e9tica del c\u00e1ncer han acelerado enormemente el desarrollo de f\u00e1rmacos oncol\u00f3gicos y terapias dirigidas. Parad\u00f3jicamente, al mismo tiempo, el c\u00e1ncer representa una amenaza para la sociedad humana mayor que nunca en la historia de la medicina. En 2014, se convirti\u00f3 en la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial [1]. En Estados Unidos, es la principal causa de muerte por enfermedad en ni\u00f1os y adolescentes de entre 4 y 14 a\u00f1os [2], y en todos los adultos, excepto los ancianos [3]. Tan solo en EE. UU., aproximadamente 1600 hombres, mujeres y ni\u00f1os mueren cada d\u00eda a causa del c\u00e1ncer [4]. Alrededor de 20\u00a0000 personas mueren diariamente de c\u00e1ncer en el mundo [1]. Algunos periodistas han comparado esta cifra con aproximadamente 100 accidentes a\u00e9reos diarios sin supervivientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3.jpg 900w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3-260x89.jpg 260w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page3-150x51.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Para comprender mejor la magnitud del problema, en 2010 se estimaron 8 millones de muertes por c\u00e1ncer en todo el mundo. Para 2030, se prev\u00e9 que esta cifra aumente a 17 millones de muertes por c\u00e1ncer al a\u00f1o [1]. Si bien muchos factores influyen en estas cifras (contaminaci\u00f3n, envejecimiento de la poblaci\u00f3n, etc.), ninguno es m\u00e1s importante que el hecho de que, con los tratamientos m\u00e9dicos actuales que incluyen f\u00e1rmacos, productos biol\u00f3gicos y radiaci\u00f3n, todos los c\u00e1nceres comunes que afectan a los seres humanos (mama, pulm\u00f3n, colon, est\u00f3mago, p\u00e1ncreas, ovario, melanoma, etc.) siguen siendo tan incurables y letales hoy como lo eran hace 100 o 200 a\u00f1os, si progresan m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la posibilidad de curaci\u00f3n mediante cirug\u00eda (y se vuelven inoperables o metast\u00e1sicos). En la actualidad, solo aproximadamente el 21 % de todos los c\u00e1nceres se pueden curar con f\u00e1rmacos, productos biol\u00f3gicos y radiaci\u00f3n (como algunas leucemias, linfomas y c\u00e1nceres de c\u00e9lulas germinales poco frecuentes) [5-7].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LOS FALSOS POSITIVOS DEL PROGRESO ONCOL\u00d3GICO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La desconfianza en nuestras ingeniosas terapias farmacol\u00f3gicas y biol\u00f3gicas contra el c\u00e1ncer se evidencia en el hecho de que seguimos extirpando \u00f3rganos valiosos e importantes a las mujeres tan pronto como se descubre un tumor del tama\u00f1o de una lenteja o un guisante en sus mamas. En otras palabras, a pesar de nuestro aparente progreso excepcional en las terapias moleculares y gen\u00e9ticas del c\u00e1ncer, continuamos extirpando una o ambas mamas y vaciando los ganglios linf\u00e1ticos axilares en mujeres de tan solo 25 a\u00f1os, del mismo modo que lo hemos hecho durante los \u00faltimos 500 a\u00f1os (v\u00e9ase la imagen a continuaci\u00f3n). \u00bfQu\u00e9 esperanzas podemos ofrecer a una paciente con c\u00e1ncer de mama localmente avanzado o metast\u00e1sico?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4.jpg 900w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4-260x89.jpg 260w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1-Why-20th-Century-1-page4-150x51.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> Por otro lado, las dos razones principales por las que los pacientes con c\u00e1ncer metast\u00e1sico se someten a quimioterapia son vivir m\u00e1s tiempo y con mejor calidad de vida. Un estudio reciente con 312 pacientes con enfermedad metast\u00e1sica revel\u00f3 que dicho tratamiento no logra ninguno de estos objetivos. Los investigadores examinaron el efecto de la quimioterapia en la calidad de vida de los pacientes durante la \u00faltima semana de vida, en funci\u00f3n de su estado funcional, que eval\u00faa su capacidad para realizar actividades como deambular, trabajar y cuidarse a s\u00ed mismos. Seg\u00fan el estudio, publicado en JAMA Oncology en septiembre de 2015, se observ\u00f3 que estos pacientes presentaban una calidad de vida significativamente peor durante sus \u00faltimas semanas que aquellos que no recibieron quimioterapia. Adem\u00e1s, los pacientes con mejor estado funcional al inicio del ensayo fueron aquellos cuya calidad de vida en la \u00faltima semana de vida fue \u2019significativamente inferior a la de quienes no recibieron quimioterapia\u201c [8]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2-260x89.jpg 260w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/georgebernardshaw-2-2-150x51.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REFERENCIAS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Stewart BW, Wild C, editores. Informe mundial sobre el c\u00e1ncer 2014. Lyon, Francia: Agencia Internacional para la Investigaci\u00f3n del C\u00e1ncer, Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.<br>Organizaci\u00f3n; 2014.<\/li><li>Ward E, DeSantis C, Robbins A, Kohler B, Jemal A. Estad\u00edsticas de c\u00e1ncer infantil y adolescente, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014;<br>64:83-103.<\/li><li>Twombly R. El c\u00e1ncer supera a las enfermedades card\u00edacas como principal causa de muerte para todos, excepto los ancianos. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;<br>97:330-331.<\/li><li>Sociedad Americana Contra El C\u00e1ncer. Datos y cifras sobre el c\u00e1ncer 2014. Atlanta: Sociedad Americana Contra El C\u00e1ncer; 2014.<\/li><li>Bailar JC, 3rd, Gornik HL. El c\u00e1ncer invicto. N Eng J Med. 1997; 336:1569-74.<\/li><li>Morgan G, Ward R, Barton M. Contribuci\u00f3n de la quimioterapia citot\u00f3xica a la supervivencia a 5 a\u00f1os en neoplasias malignas en adultos. Clin Oncol<br>2004; 16:549-60.<\/li><li>Faguet GB. La conquista del c\u00e1ncer: una meta lejana. Dordrecht, Pa\u00edses Bajos: Springer; 2015.<\/li><li>Prigerson, HG., et al. Uso de quimioterapia, estado funcional y calidad de vida al final de la vida. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1:778-784.<\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paul Ehrlich (Alemania; 1854-1915), fundador de la quimioterapia, postul\u00f3 hace m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os que los productos qu\u00edmicos, al igual que los colorantes histol\u00f3gicos, tienen selectividad por ciertos componentes en<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why We Must Change? - Atavistic Chemotherapy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atavisticchemotherapy.com\/es\/249-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why We Must Change? 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